Sed remove trailing whitespace Sed uses an older variant of basic regular expressions in which parentheses stand for themselves and \(…\) is used for grouping. Then I'd like to be able to do both. txt > . sed -i 's/[ \t]*$//' $1 to be able to take arbitrary number of file arguments as a shell script on the command line, including glob arguments. Apr 18, 2017 · Just as tabs-vs-space questions have concerned generations of developers working with Makefiles or with Python (before PEP-8 standardized on spaces only), having trailing-space vs no-trailing-space be a semantically meaningful distinction is going to seriously confuse anyone reading your code, and will lead to conflicts with automated format Jan 27, 2011 · The sed command removes all the trailing lines that consist of only whitespace then the awk command removes the ending do # remove white space at end of (non Sep 19, 2013 · I am trying to delete the 1st line and removing leading and trailing white spaces in the subsequent lines using sed. 3. txt Jan 6, 2025 · To remove any trailing whitespace from a file, we can use sed. Dec 16, 2008 · To generalize the solution to handle all forms of whitespace, replace the space character in the tr and sed commands with [[:space:]]. Mar 2, 2016 · I'd like to remove whitespaces and put a comma between values and rest. As well as replace multiple spaces with a single space within a string, so that all words in a string are separated exactly by single space. I'd just like to scan source files (given a regular expression) and remove whitespaces from all given files. When it writes to the output, it’ll automatically append a newline character to the current pattern space if the pattern space doesn’t end Dec 5, 2021 · Unix Sed to remove leading and trailing spaces in the CSV formatted file without considering String value which has comma. Ask Question Asked 14 years, 1 month ago. I tried this : cat hello. Jul 18, 2023 · While the s/[[:blank:]]*$// command matched and removed trailing whitespace (tabs and spaces) at the end of every line in the given input. Literally interpreted the OP wants "all blank lines removed from a file if there are any repeated blank lines". It would not be uncommon to pipe to the tr utility, or to Perl if preferred: wc -l < log. I have used the below awk to remove leading and trailing space in 2nd column but it is not working. sh # converts multiple spaces to one $ ls | compress_spaces. line2 line3 So I tried this command on unix shell: sed '1d;s/^ [ \t]*//;s/[ \t]*$//' file. If so, just print this non-space character back, so that the trailing spaces are removed. The 1st command removes the leading spaces, the second removes the trailing spaces and the last replaces a group of spaces with a single space. If you want to trim space character(s), while keeping the others (like newline), this answer might be helpful: Nov 3, 2016 · Remove all leading & trailing spaces from 2,6,7 column only; Values in 7th Column should remain separated by single space only; Research: I have tried many combinations with awk, sed, tr but could not succeed according to my requirements. Is there an easy way to remove the trailing spaces from just the 1st field of each line? sed/awk/tr? Nov 15, 2015 · How to remove trailing whitespaces with sed? 117. Feb 25, 2021 · What I would like to do when I think of remove all white space is to remove also any empty lines - I think that this sed just removes spaces and tabs, but can it be expanded to also trim out any empty lines from the end of the file? Maybe it's not possible to do this with one line, and maybe there are better ways to achieve this, any options Feb 24, 2010 · Some older versions of sed may not recognize \s as a white space matching token. May 4, 2012 · Should be noted that strip() method would trim any leading and trailing whitespace characters from the string (if there is no passed-in argument). lines which are either blank or only include whitespace characters. For a simple file such as: file: this is text this is more text this is even more text $ cat file | sed 's/^[ \t]*//;s/[… Jan 12, 2018 · Today we look at some really practical usage of sed, the Linux stream editor. txt | sed 's/ //g'. . 0. Aug 21, 2014 · Need help to remove trailing spaces after all delimiter in a text file I have Text file with below data. txt iiHi Hello Hi this is loga $ $ cat test. sed data. txt Better remove all leading and trailing whitespace from end of each line: Aug 2, 2020 · Method One: sed. Mar 2, 2012 · To remove trailing whitespace while also preserving whitespace-only lines, you want the regex to only remove trailing whitespace after non-whitespace characters. java. It is not a library function but defined by the user whenever required. py it did not work as expected. The `sed` command is used to perform text transformations on a stream of input. It may delete them on BSD too. Seeing how we can remove trailing spaces using sed and keep our openLDAP LDIF files clean. temporarily: git commit --no-verify . ) but did not find something useful. Next you can add a keyboard shortcut for your new external tool entry, but I am not sure whether it is possible to run anything on save. However if I just try. Above, regex is: ^ anchor the start of regex at beginning of line; \s* match zero-or-more whitespace;; match Sep 15, 2019 · Update: the problem is that you are not using GNU sed; your sed seems to be this one. ai" "file with dot. In such cases, the sed command comes in handy. (\s*) matches a sequence of whitespace in Perl and the many other modern programs that imitate its regexes. csv It works for the "output" only piece. I could achieve this using following two iteration of regex and looking for single regex solution. pdf" "QDN34 Unit7 mark-up - Judy . May 13, 2016 · I have a csv file from which I want to remove all instances of " output:" (the word output with a leading space and followed by a colon) I tried. tablename= yyy ) INPUT (10 Replies) sed -n p # method 2 # delete leading whitespace (spaces, tabs) from front of each line # aligns all text flush left sed 's/^[ \t]*//' # see note on '\t' at end of file # delete trailing whitespace (spaces, tabs) from end of each line sed 's/[ \t]*$//' # see note on '\t' at end of file # delete BOTH leading and trailing whitespace from each line For most of these answers it is first necessary to remove trailing whitespace. eg. Aug 12, 2015 · I want to get delete all of the blank lines and lines with spaces (if any exist (ONLY from the bottom of the file)) and then to remove one more line (also ONLY from the bottom of the file). strip_trailing_whitespace *. $ sed -i 's/[[:space:]]*$//' input. Sep 29, 2008 · For using sed, check: How to remove trailing whitespaces with sed? find. tr -d '[:space:]' Nov 20, 2013 · Problem in using Sed to remove leading and trailing spaces. Apr 17, 2017 · The problem is that I'm very often (if not always) have to deal with useless spaces with my mates developpers. how can we get rid of all the spaces in a single line using shell script? bash shell Mar 16, 2017 · SED remove white space between characters. How to remove the leading and training white spaces and write the value of the tablename without space to a file using shell script. Methods can vary since we might just need to remove leading and trailing spaces or more complex formatting. Can you configure Dec 6, 2023 · Handling Leading and Trailing Whitespace. hh I want to remove all the white spaces from a given text file. One common issue is the need to preserve internal spaces while removing leading and trailing whitespace. However, you indicated the file came from a Windows machine, so the line endings are CR/NL instead of just NL. /A. A simple command line approach to remove unwanted whitespaces is via sed. You don't have to put this in a file, the script works on command line as well: sed '/new Tab/s/ *//g;s/newTab/new Tab/' data. If I have something like. The types of trim (By "whitespace-only", I mean lines which do not contain any non-whitespace characters, i. The tr command removes all instances of the specified character, which might not be the desired outcome. I prefer to use Apr 21, 2015 · To remove all the leading blanks, use: sed 's/^ *//g' To remove all leading white space of any kind: sed 's/^[[:space:]]*//g' The ^ symbol matches only at the beginning of a line. This article is written with the bash shell in mind, so while it could work with other shells, it might not be optimal. sed 's/\ output:\>//g' file. 146. Also, it will only do a replacement if the trailing whitespace actually exists, unlike the other answers that use the zero or more matcher (*). sed:* /new Tab/ { s/ *//g s/newTab/new Tab/ } To invoke: sed -f remove_space. Using the sed general delete form of sed '/regex/d' to deleting lines within the file matching regex. 1. Is there any shell command available for this ? Or, how to use sed for this purpose? I want something like below: $ cat hello. Fortunately, the powerful Sed editor can cleanly remove whitespace like a magician! In this comprehensive guide, you‘ll learn how Sed precisely targets and eliminates all forms of annoying whitespace […] Dec 1, 2012 · The tools sed or tr will do this for you by swapping the whitespace for nothing. java If there are multiple files that need trailing whitespaces removed, you can use a combination of find and sed commands. But it removes only spaces, not tabs. You can also use other text processing utilities such as: Perl. The typical user wants to "remove only duplicated blank lines". – How to remove trailing whitespaces with sed? 2. But I would like to maitain those spaces, I just want to remove whitespaces between two values. The substitution can therefore not replace newlines in the data (they are simply not part of the data that sed sees). sh Nov 27, 2014 · If your expected output is a single line, you can simply remove all newline characters from the output. Regex: how to match up to a character or Dec 10, 2018 · You can do it with sed in a trivial manner, e. It will not update the file test. txt. pdf" "file with two character ext . removing extra space. , strings that can contain multiple lines have line breaking characters as whitespace. I would like to have a preferable solution in awk, sed, tr only because all my clients have limited CYGWIN Whitespace can take the form of both spaces and tabs. This can be done using the trim function in Perl. Removing doubled up newlines removes all blank lines. Q: How do I remove leading whitespace with sed? A: To remove leading whitespace from a line, you can use the following sed command: sed ‘s/^[ \t There are several different regular expression syntaxes. txt | sed . Dec 16, 2015 · The regex from your sed command going to remove single spaces globally from your string anywhere it finds a space. I have Jun 5, 2020 · Removing unwanted spaces from a string can be used to store only the required data and to remove the unnecessary trailing spaces. I've search around the web ("bash remove whitespace" etc. So you need to first check for a non-whitespace character. txt Jan 14, 2017 · You have trailing spaces on each line. txt | tr [A-Z] [a-z]|sed -e "s/ */ /g" i i h i h e l l o h i t h i s i s l o g a A: To trim leading and trailing whitespace from a string, you can use the following command: $ echo ” This is a string with leading and trailing whitespace ” | sed ‘s/^[ \t]*//;s/[ \t]*$//’ This is a string with leading and trailing whitespace. For "your" sed: try this: sed -e 's/[:blank:]+$//g' or maybe with double brackets too: sed -e 's/[[:blank:]]+$//g' (I just skimmed its documentation, but now, with this understanding and info, you should be able to craft the correct command for "your" sed) Jun 20, 2024 · To trim trailing whitespace on all files in the current directory, use: sed -i 's/[[:space:]]*$//' * To warn about future whitespace errors (both trailing spaces and spaces before tabs), and to fix whitespace errors in patches, add the following code to your gitconfig file: Sep 26, 2013 · I would like to remove all leading and trailing spaces. Note that the sed approach will only work on single-line input. May 28, 2019 · Upon trying to delete the trailing spaces in a file sed -i "s/[\s]+$//" 171. Is any problem with my commands? Sep 9, 2011 · here's a one-pass solution in awk: it does not start printing until it sees a non-empty line and when it sees an empty line, it remembers it until the next non-empty line Sep 7, 2013 · Referred the solution given in the link Smarter Removing Unnecessary WhiteSpace CSV Need to have this implemented using unix sed. 2. Bash - How to remove all white spaces from a given text file? 6. permanently: cd . To avoid these problems, you should. Jul 1, 2012 · The following sed syntax removes all leading and trailing whitespace from each line (I need to remove whitespace because it causes application problems). In fact, they're causing the error: sed is telling you that \<Space> is not a valid option. The trim function uses a regular expression to remove white spaces. Python. So you can do two sed expressions in one go like so: $ sed -E -e 's/ +$//' -e $'s/ +/\t/' /tmp/file I am a string 12831928 I am another string 41327318 A set of strings 39842938 Another string 3242342 Note the $'s/ +/\t/': This tells bash to replace \t with an actual tab character prior to invoking sed. Replace White Spaces with sed. sed 's/\output\>//g' file. cc *. ExcelSheetColumnNumber. When used to remove leading whitespace, `sed` can sometimes introduce problems. sh help # show the help for this command compress_spaces. I. You can use the following basic syntax to do so: sed -i -e 's/[[:space:]]*$//g' team_names. Thanks. --in-place is simply the long form of -i. txt and it works as expected. Use the `sed` command. Apr 13, 2016 · That presents a problem for distinguishing whitespace inside a string from whitespace outside. But it splits each and every character like below. txt The first substitution blindly remove all spaces, the second puts back a space between new and tab. The following command deletes all spaces and tabs at the end of each line in input. Dec 30, 2007 · Explains how to delete or remove all leading blank spaces or tabs ( whitespace ) using sed command on Linux, macOS, *BSD and Unix systems. delete all horizontal space, including the horizontal tab character, "\t" delete all whitespace, including newline, "\n" and others; The right tool for the job Dec 3, 2012 · $ sed 's/^ *//;s/ *$//;s/ */ /;' file Linux 25 Fedora 40 Suse 36 CentOS 50 LinuxMint 15 Using multiple substitutions(3) in sed, the spaces are removed. For working with lines in sed, relevant are spaces and tabs. This means that the non-whitespace character will be included in the match, so you need to include it in the replacement. cc and. – Aug 9, 2007 · Hi I have variable named tablename. I want to remove these trailing whitespace characters automatically right before I save Python files. csv 46 votes, 32 comments. Name, Order Trim, working cat,cat1. Please let me know what the problem is $ cat test. sed 's/ //g' echo to remove blank spaces, leading and trailing whitespaces Mar 18, 2024 · In this tutorial, we’ll look at some ways to remove whitespace from a bash variable. Otherwise it wouldn't make sense to get rid of all spaces, of course, and your comment would be valid. txt:. Jul 27, 2021 · Removing double quotes and trailing blanks via sed and getting unterminated `s' comma: rubster: Programming: 6: 10-19-2012 12:51 PM [SOLVED] Sed: Remove trailing portion of pattern space: Dyspeptic Curmudgeon: Programming: 8: 02-28-2012 02:51 PM [SOLVED] Need help using sed to remove preceding and trailing spaces in CSV: netwaves: Programming Dealing with extra whitespace in text files is a nuisance for any Linux user. (Think about this). e. By using in-place editing -i, sed can be provided with a search-and-replace action to filter out whitespace at the end of each line. Dec 10, 2008 · I am getting 'trailing whitespace' errors trying to commit some files in Git. If you are aiming to remove any kind of trailing whitespace then maybe use the character class [[:space:]]+ instead. Try stripping repeating whitespace from beginning of line and end of line. #!/bin/sh # Script to remove trailing whitespace of all files recursively # See: Feb 17, 2015 · This will remove all spaces with awk by forcing awk to recalculate the output using the new value of OFS to separate the fields (which were split on whitespace to begin with). Other forms of whitespace are relevant in more general situations, e. txt | sed 's/[ \t]*$//' > output. Mar 24, 2015 · I have hundreds of files which look similar to: "QDN34 Unit5 mark-up - Judy . By replacing it with nothing, it will effectively be removed. g. ) For example if my file is: <blank line> <line only containing some space/tab characters> <blank line> foo bar <tab character> baz <space character> <space character><tab character> qux Aug 21, 2010 · How to delete ending/trailing spaces using awk,sed,perl? Inputeach line has extra spaces at the end) pre { overflow:scroll; margin:2px; padding:15px; | The UNIX and Linux Forums Aug 9, 2015 · It is indeed true the question is literally to replace tabs with a fixed number of spaces but generally what users want is not a fixed number of spaces but actual formatting, because it's easy to forget tabs don't occur only at the start of a line :). Try Teams for free Explore Teams Aug 3, 2012 · I have a shell variable which is causing issues due to leading and trailing spaces. You can remove leading white space by below any command: - sed -i "s/\s*//" filename - sed -i "s/[[:space:]]*//" filename - sed -i "s/^\s*//" filename - sed -i "s/[ \t]*//" filename If you want to remove blank line you can try any one of the following command: - sed "/^$/d" filename If you want to delete any leading white space, tab or empty Just make sure some other character appears before: sed -r 's/([^\s])\s+$/\1/' file This checks if a non-space character (\s) appears followed by any amount of spaces. git/hooks/ ; chmod -x pre-commit Warning: by default, a pre-commit script (like this one), has not a "remove trailing" feature", but a "warning" feature like: The reason sed 's/[[:space:]]//g' leaves a newline in the output is because the data is presented to sed a line at a time. ( for e. Sed replace string with whitespaces. In the first expression, we replace all spaces with nothing. Jul 2, 2023 · There is an example in the Wikipedia article for sed which uses the d command to delete lines that are either blank or only contain spaces, my solution uses the escape sequence \s to match any whitespace character (space, tab, and so on), here is the Wikipedia example: Aug 7, 2012 · Whitespace refers to characters that don't have a printed representation, instead being used for the spacing between other words. bash sed to remove all whitespace and blank lines from end of file. com May 21, 2024 · Often you may want to use sed to remove all trailing whitespaces from each line in a file. In the second one, we replace at the beginning using the ^ keyword Apr 4, 2020 · Which replaces any sequence of one or more whitespace characters following a non-whitespace, with that non-whitespace and one single SPC character, and remove the trailing whitespace characters, which would cover blank lines and lines with trailing whitespace (including the CRs found at the end of lines coming from Microsoft text files). Use the sed command with a POSIX class ([:blank:]) to remove leading and trailing whitespaces from a multiline string in Bash. Jul 4, 2015 · How would one delete the leading/trailing blank spaces within this file using sed Update sed command to remove white space at start and end of line. I'm new to regex and sed so this is probably easy but I just can't do it without destroying the Address section. The `tr` command can also be used to remove trailing whitespace from a file by using the following command: Feb 4, 2022 · Removing both leading and trailing white spaces using the sed (click to enlarge) Bash examples for triming whitespace from a variable The syntax is to remove leading whitespaces using nothing but Bash is as follows using pattern matching features of the pathname expansion by setting the extglob shell option: Mar 31, 2010 · what would be the best way to remove whitespace only around certain character. Explanation-i = inline file edit; s/ = search Fortunately, the powerful Sed editor can cleanly remove whitespace like a magician! In this comprehensive guide, you‘ll learn how Sed precisely targets and eliminates all forms of annoying whitespace characters. txt The problem occurs on the lines where there is a t in the beginning or at the end. May 22, 2012 · sed --in-place 's/[[:space:]]\+$//' file That will delete all POSIX standard defined whitespace characters, including vertical tab and form feed. In our previous video, we saw how, if there were trailing spaces at a line ending in an LDIF file the attribute would be encoded. line1 line2 line3 It should print . Dec 30, 2007 · To delete trailing whitespace from end of each line, enter: I use the cat command out of habits but it is not needed: $ cat input. Sep 20, 2010 · Need help using sed to remove preceding and trailing spaces in CSV Hello, I need help removing the preceding and trailing spaces around the commas in my CSV without destroying my address field. Instead, you may use tr. sed 's/^[ \t]*//;s/[ \t]*$//' orig_file > new_file But I noticed that sed also removes the "t" character from the end of each line. To answer the first line of your question which asks to "remove the last n characters from a string", you can use the substring extraction feature in Bash: A="123456" echo ${A:0:-2} # remove last 2 chars 1234 However, based on your examples you appear to want to remove all trailing commas, in which case you could use sed 's/,*$//'. Jun 9, 2013 · You can use sed command to delete all white (blank) spaces in a text file. | makeresults | eval A=" leading and trailing spaces " , a_len=len(A) | rex field=A mode=sed "s/^\s+//g" | rex field=A mode=sed "s/\s+$//g" | eval new_len Apr 17, 2021 · Note that at any given time you can choose to not run the pre-commit hook:. These sed commands work around that by using a label ( :a ) and conditional branch ( ta , where t is the command and a is the target label) to re-run the whole substitution command from the beginning whenever a substitution is made. A: There are a few ways to remove trailing whitespace in Bash. Because of this, the above will leave alone any whitespace not at the beginning of the line. The value to tablename variable has leading and trailing white spaces. If you don't have gsed, here is the correct (but hard-to-read) sed syntax on OSX: remove leading whitespace from a string: shopt -s extglob printf '%s\n' "${text##+([[:space:]])}" remove trailing whitespace from a string: shopt -s extglob printf '%s\n' "${text%%+([[:space:]])}" remove all whitespace from a string: printf '%s\n' "${text//[[:space:]]}" See full list on linuxhint. May 30, 2024 · You can use the in place option -i of sed for Linux and Unix: Be aware the expression will delete trailing t 's on OSX (you can use gsed to avoid this problem). in sed regex posix version) Remove starting space by Mar 7, 2012 · Here is my *remove_space. sed -i 's/[[:space:]]*$//' mytextfile. /B. Sed is a powerful tool for text manipulation, but it can also be used incorrectly. Let's say a dash - Some- String- 12345- Here would become Some-String-12345-Here. By default, the sed command reads, processes, and outputs line by line. Using xargs Oct 16, 2014 · To "delete all blank spaces" can mean one of different things: delete all occurrences of the space character, code 0x20. sh TEST # converts multiple spaces to the phrase TEST $ compress_spaces. HOWEVER, I still have a line like this in the saved file: Sorry to add up in the problem, The values here can contain spaces also (For ex a value1 can be "blah blah blah"). sh TAB # converts multiple spaces to a single tab character $ ls | compress_spaces. $ sed '/^\s*;\s*$/d' file Some Text Some Text again Some Text once again Explanation. sed find/replace lines with whitespaces. Source CSV file has the data like this : "112", 21,,"4563446" , " Dec 16, 2013 · I'm trying to remove leading and trailing space in 2nd column of the below input. Remove leading spaces with sed. Replacing text with space using sed. The `sed` command can be used to remove trailing whitespace from a file by using the following command: sed ‘s/[[:space:]]*$//’ Use the `tr` command. txt | tr -d '\n' wc -l < log. Feb 16, 2012 · sed -i 's/ //g' your_file will do it, modifying the file inplace. Too much whitespace can make files larger, code buggy, and data messy. To delete only the whitespaces at the beginning of one single line, use sed -i 's/^ *//' your_file. What would be the correct syntax to remove everything? Sep 8, 2015 · @peak the fact that it is a JSON is irrelevant here, the point is what the OP mentions in the title of the question "get rid of empty spaces, trailing, next line". txt sed 's/^[ \t]*//;s/[ \t]*$//' . string=' Bash is awesome! Jan 3, 2013 · Removing trailing whitespace only from some lines. awk -v OFS='' '{$1=$1; print}' in. When I try the same in my perl script: Feb 25, 2018 · Remove leading spaces and tabs: sed "s/^[ \t]*//" (works in GNU sed) or sed 's/^[[:blank:]]*//' (works with any sed ) or sed $'s/^[ \t]*//' (in ksh/Bash/etc. the output should look like 2,1 word 78,3 other words 2,some other words here 54,bla bla The command Jan 4, 2011 · A bit of clarification on all the asnwers you got: s/^\s+|\s+$//g; vs s/^\s*//; s/\s*$//; The latter is the (ever so slightly) more idiomatic way to do this, as starting the regex engine over is actually faster than the alternation, in this case. Sep 26, 2011 · To replace arbitrary whitespace lines with an empty line, use sed -r 's/^\s+$//' The -r flag says to use extended regular expressions, and the ^\s+$ pattern matches all lines with some whitespace but no other characters. suppose the script is called strip_trailing_whitespace. White spaces capturing with sed. 6. Just remove them and it should work as expected: sed -i 's/# - "server1"/ChangedWord/' file Apr 15, 2012 · Running iconv to fix UTF-8 characters, then the first sed call removes the double quote characters, and the final sed call is supposed to remove leading and trailing whitespace around the commas. txt | perl -pe 'chomp' You can also use command substitution to remove the trailing newline: Feb 10, 2012 · Using sed to remove leading and trailing white spaces. Mar 18, 2024 · However, unlike the tr command, we cannot replace the [[:blank:]] with [[:space:]] in the sed command to remove all whitespace. csv to no avail. Ask questions, find answers and collaborate at work with Stack Overflow for Teams. Dec 19, 2018 · /usr/bin/sed -i 's/[[:space:]]\+$//' <your current file> This sed will remove the trailing whitespace, and overall the effect will be very similar to git. Jul 1, 2015 · rghome is right, you don't need those backslashes in front of spaces as the expression is wrapped in quotes. In that case you can match a sequence of one or more spaces and tabs with '[XZ][XZ]*' where X is a space and Z is a tab. trailing space and no ex Aug 31, 2023 · I am using the following code to remove both leading and tailing spaces from all lines of a file A. How to remove trailing whitespaces with sed? 0. strip_trailing_whitespace foo. Although they are non-printing characters and unseen to us, sed and other tools see them as different forms of whitespace and only operate on what you ask for. This will output lines matching '5628' with all trailing commas removed. See "man 7 regex" for the details on that. to give a literal tab to sed ) As said in the comments, the /g specifier does nothing, as the beginning of line appears only once in the line, and even /g does not retry the pattern more Trailing spaces in the 2nd field are ok, but the trailing spaces in the 1st field need to be removed. Hot Network Questions May 9, 2018 · I tried to replace multiple spaces in a file to single space using sed. cc bar. $ ls | compress_spaces. csv . ggfj hjhe tszi houa tvzwy bbhwkv hmvn nuvgxzezf qrev laezci